Izixhobo zaselwandle zibhekisa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ekwakhiweni, ekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni kweenqanawa neenqanawa. Ezi zixhobo zibalulekileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokusebenza kweenqanawa zaselwandle. Kule khokelo ibanzi, siza kuhlola iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zaselwandle kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kushishino lwaselwandle.
Izixhobo zokuNqamathela
Izixhobo zokubambelela zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba inqanawa ikwindawo yayo, zibonelela ngozinzo kwaye zithintele ukuqengqeleka. Izinto eziphambili zezixhobo zokubambelela ziquka:
1. Iiankile
Ii-ankile zizixhobo zesinyithi esinzima ezenzelwe ukubamba ulwandle kunye nokubamba inqanawa endaweni yayo. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zee-ankile, kuquka:
- I-Fluke Anchor: Ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-Danforth anchor, ilula kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinqanawa ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi.
- I-Plow Anchor: Le ankile inoyilo olufana ne-plow, inika amandla amahle okubamba kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-seabeds.
-UBruce Anchor: Iyaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwayo, iankile yeBruce inika amandla okubamba athembekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
2. Ikhonkco kunye neRode
Iitsheyini kunye neerodes zisetyenziswa kunye nee-ankile ukudibanisa inqanawa kwi-ankile. Itsheyini inika amandla kunye nokuqina, ngelixa i-roded inceda ukufunxa ukothuka kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwinqanawa.
Izixhobo zeDekhi
Izixhobo zedekhi ziquka uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezisetyenziswa kwidekhi yesikhephe okanye inqanawa. Ezi zixhobo zehadi zisebenza ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo kwaye zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwenqanawa iyonke. Ezinye izixhobo zedekhi ezibalulekileyo ziquka:
1. IiCleats
IiCleats zizixhobo zesinyithi okanye zeplastiki ezinamathele kwidekhi ezisetyenziselwa ukubopha iintambo, imigca, kunye nezinye izinto zokubopha. Zibonelela ngenqaku eliqinileyo lokuncamathisela kwaye zinceda ekusasazeni umthwalo ngokulinganayo.
2. IiWinches
Ii-Winches zizixhobo zoomatshini ezisetyenziselwa ukugoba nokukhulula iintambo okanye iintambo. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuphakamiseni nasekuthobeni iiseyile, ekuphakamiseni ii-ankile, nasekwenzeni eminye imisebenzi enzima.
3. Iingqayi
Izikhephe ziindawo zokungena kwidekhi ezivumela ukungena kwiindawo zangaphakathi zesikhephe. Zibalulekile ekungeneni komoya, ekufikeleleni kwiindawo zokugcina izinto, nasekulungiseni izinto.
4. Iintsimbi zokubiyela
Ii-railings zizithintelo zokukhusela ezifakwe emaphethelweni edekhi ukuthintela ukuwa nokubonelela ngokhuseleko kubasebenzi. Zihlala zenziwe ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye i-aluminium ukuze zihlale ixesha elide kwaye zikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala.
Izixhobo zokubopha izixhobo
Izixhobo zokubopha zibhekisa kwizinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa iiseyile kunye nokulawula inqanawa. Ezi zixhobo zezixhobo zivumela ukulungiswa kweeseyile kwaye zilawule indlela kunye nesantya senqanawa. Ezinye izixhobo zokubopha eziphambili ziquka:
1. Izigqubuthelo kunye nokuhlala
Izigqubuthelo kunye nezithintelo ziintambo zocingo okanye zentambo ezixhasa imasti kunye neentambo zokubopha. Zinceda ekusasazeni umthwalo kwaye zigcine ulungelelwaniso lwesakhiwo semasti.
2. Iibhloko kunye neePulleys
Iibhloko kunye neepulleys zisetyenziselwa ukuqondisa indlela yeentambo okanye iintambo, nto leyo evumela abasebenzi ukuba balungise uxinzelelo lweeseyile kunye ne-engile. Ezi ziqwenga zezixhobo zinciphisa ukungqubana kwaye zenze kube lula ukuphatha iiringi.
3. Ii-Turnbuckles
Ii-Turnbuckles zizixhobo zoomatshini ezisetyenziselwa ukulungisa uxinzelelo kwiintambo zokubopha okanye iintambo. Ziqulathe intonga enemisonto kunye nezixhobo ezimbini zokugqibela, ezivumela ukulungiswa okuchanekileyo ukuze kufezekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kweseyile.
Izixhobo zoKhuseleko
Izixhobo zokhuseleko zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni impilo-ntle yabasebenzi kunye nabakhweli abasebhodini. Ezi zinto zenzelwe ukuthintela iingozi kunye nokusabela ngokufanelekileyo kwiimeko zikaxakeka. Ezinye izixhobo zokhuseleko ezibalulekileyo ziquka:
1. Iijakethi zobomi
Iijakethi zobomi zizixhobo zobuqu zokudada ezinxitywa ngabantu ukuze bahlale emanzini. Zenzelwe ukuba zikwazi ukudada nokugcina intloko ingaphezulu kwamanzi, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokutshona.
2. Izicimi-mlilo
Izicimi-mlilo zizixhobo zokhuseleko ezibalulekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukucima nokucima imililo ekwibhodi. Ziza ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana negwebu, umgubo owomileyo, kunye ne-CO2, nganye ifanelekile kwiingozi ezithile zomlilo.
3. Iinqanawa zokusindisa ubomi
Ii-liferafts zii-rafts ezifuthwayo ezenzelwe ukuhlalisa inani elithile labantu xa kukho ingxaki yokufuduka. Zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokusinda, ezinje ngokutya, amanzi, kunye nezixhobo zokubonisa, ukunceda kwimisebenzi yokuhlangula.
Izixhobo zasemanzini ziquka uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle nasekukhuselekeni kweenqanawa zasemanzini. Ukusuka kwizixhobo zokubambelela ukuya kwizixhobo zeedekhi, izixhobo zokubopha, kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko, uhlobo ngalunye lusebenza injongo ethile kwaye lunegalelo ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kwesikhephe okanye inqanawa. Ngokuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zasemanzini, abanini beenqanawa, oomatiloshe, kunye neengcali zasemanzini banokuqinisekisa ukukhethwa, ukufakwa, kunye nokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezi zinto zibalulekileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lweenqanawa zabo.
I-Alastin yangaphandle njengomvelisi opheleleyo weenqanawa zaselwandle kunye neemveliso zangaphandle eTshayina, inezakhono ezipheleleyo zemveliso kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso izixhobo zaselwandle. Ikwakhangela neearhente ezifanelekileyo kwihlabathi liphela ukuze ziphuhlise ishishini lemveliso yangaphandle kunye.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-13-2023